Clinical Effect of LANAP in Treatment of Periodontal Pockets

Clinical Effect of LANAP in Treatment of Periodontal Pockets identify The aim of the contribute theatre of operations is to treasure the clinical effects of LANAP as an adjunctive to non-surgical periodontal therapy in the interference of moderate periodontal liquid ecstasys. squares and methods A add of 38 patients (22 males, 16 females esteem age 3610.1 years) diagnosed with generalized chronic periodontitis were include in this randomized, single blind clinical study. All the sites were change integrity into 2 free radicals block out group (n = 469), hard-boiled with optical maser along with SRP and control group (n=481), treated with SRP alone. Data collected at baseline and later 6 weeks and 24 weeks included sulcus bleeding index (SBI), plaque index (PI), probing information (PD) and clinical attachment level (CAL). Changes in PD and CAL were analyzed indep restently for moderate (4-6mm) and kabbalistic (7 mm) pockets.Results The results obtained in twain(preno minal) the groups showed that API and get it on after 6 weeks and 24 weeks was superior to the baseline (P0.0001). At 24 weeks pot-operatively, a authoritative (P0.0001) improvement was seen in moderate and deep PD and CAL in some(prenominal) the groups. In between the groups, after 24 weeks, test group showed signifi croupet stool in CAL in moderate pockets (P0.0001) and decreased PD in deep periodontal pockets. (P0.0017)Conclusion The present study indicates that, LANAP victimization NdYAG laser (1064nm) with SRP as an effective non surgical periodontal therapy in the word of moderate periodontal pockets.Key words chronic periodontitis, clinical attachment level, Lasers, non-surgical periodontal therapy, pocket depth. debutThe primary goal of periodontal therapy is to control periodontal infection by the removal of supragingival and subgingival biofilms and smear layer, which contains bacteria, bacterial endotoxins and contaminated rout cementum.1-2 Removal of these patholog ic substances ensures biologic compatibility between the diseased periodontal radicular surface and naked connective wander attachment (CTA).3Traditional approaches like non surgical and surgical periodontal methods using both hand instruments and ultrasonic scalers have been carried out for several years with great success. Laser therapy has been proposed as an alternative or adjunctive treatment to conventional periodontal therapy.4 Maiman in 1960 developed the first laser prototype and later by Goldman et al (1964), Stern RH and Sognnaes RF ( 1972) reported the effect of laser on dental consonant tissue and on enamel and dentin.5 Myers and Myers (1989) suggested that the NdYAG laser could be partd for oral soft tissue surgery. Various types of LASERS like CO2, diode lasers (gallium-aluminum-arsenide and indium- gallium-arsenide), neodymiumyttrium-aluminum-garnet (NdYAG), and erbium Yttrium aluminum-garnet (Er YAG) with varying wavelengths (635 to10,600 nm) have different l evels of tissue penetration depending on reflection, scatter, and absorption.6 Low level laser therapy (LLLT) using diode laser can facilitate collagen synthesis, angiogenesis, and growth factor release, which eventually accelerate wound healing.7Laser-assisted new attachment procedure (LANAP) was introduced by Dr. Robert H. Gregg and Delwin McCarthy in 1989. Initial reports suggest that LANAP is associated with cementum arbitrate new connective tissue attachment (CTA) and apparent periodontal regeneration of diseased root surfaces in humans.8 When laser irradiation is delivered cautiously, the regenerative potential of laser is high, and, undoubtedly, new fibroblastic activity in the connective tissue promotes new connective tissue attachment.9 The indications for LANAP are the same as for standard periodontal therapy that includes periodontal pocket depth (PD) 4mm, radiographic evidence of bone loss, and positive laboratory test for presence of putative periodontal pathogens.Th e results of recent research suggest that a Free- Running, Pulsed NdYAG laser (PerioLase MVP-7 laser, Millennium Dental Technologies) provides a viable alternative to traditional periodontal surgery. Properly applied PerioLase MVP-7 laser has been shown to produce little bleeding, swelling, discomfort and periodontal regeneration.10The use of lasers in periodontics is rapidly increasing. Despite enormous clinical research and a plethora of scientific literature, controversy exists to date among clinicians regarding the application of lasers in the treatment of periodontal disease. There is limited evidence on the clinical efficacy of LANAP over conventional surgical or non surgical periodontal and periimplant therapies.Consequently, the aim of the present study is to evaluate the clinical effects of LANAP therapy using 1064-nm of Nd YAG laser with SRP versus the effect of SRP alone in the treatment of moderate to deep periodontal pockets.Material and methodsA total of 38 patients ( 22 male and 16 females) with mean age of 3610.1 and diagnosed with generalized chronic periodontitis attending to the department of periodontics, sibar institute of dental sciences, Guntur, India, were included in the study. A randomized split mouth method was carried out in all the patients with two quadrants as test group (TG) treated with LANAP along with SRP and other two quadrants as control group (CG) treated with SRP alone. Teeth with PD and CAL 4mm on at least one from the sise surfaces were included into the study. Patients were selected according to the following inclusion criteria History of no periodontal treatment in the last 12months, no use of antibiotics within the foregoing 6 months, no systemic disease that influence the periodontal therapy, no smoking or alcohol and no pregnancy and lactation. Exclusion criteria are teeth with grade 3 mobility (11) and patients using removable or fixed partial dentures. The study protocol has been approved by institutional ethi cal committee and informed written try for from all the recruited subjects was taken before start of the study.Before the start of the treatment, the data of all enrolled patients including periodontal parameters like plaque index (PI),(12) bleeding on probing, (BOP) (13) pocket depth (PD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) were preserve at baseline, 6 weeks and 24 weeks gestate-operatively. Full mouth CAL and PD was measured at all the six surfaces of each tooth using UNC-15 periodontal probe. At each interval all the clinical parameters were recorded and maintained by single examiner (TP), who was unaware of the study design. All the patients received complete supragingival scaling with an ultrasonic device in two appointments at one week interval by the examiner (TP). unwritten hygiene instructions were given at every appointment and followed by use of 0.2% chlorhexidine mouthwash as directed twice occasional for two weeks.Patients were recalled after three weeks and random ization was carried out using slip method with each quadrant is coded with a number, subsequently resulting in two quadrants as test group and other two quadrants as control group. To overcome the selection bias, randomization was performed by independent instructor, who did not participate in the study.LANAP protocol was followed along with SRP for the test quadrants, whereas SRP alone was done for the remaining two quadrants. Under local anesthesia, first application of laser is performed using NdYAG laser (1064nm) at power background of 3.0 watt, 150-us pulse duration, and 20Hz (14) into the gingival sulcus by placing the fiber optic delivery system (0.2-0.3mm) parallel to the long axis of the tooth and moved laterally and apically 1 mm less to the clinical measurement value obtained for the pocket depth. All the six surfaces of each tooth were treated with laser. The objective of placing the laser into the sulcus is to remove the diseased epithelium towards the soft tissue wall of the periodontal pocket and in addition to create a trough with strong hemostasis. Full mouth SRP was performed for each patient in both groups using area specific gracey curettes until the roots were smooth and no visual or tactile evidence of calculus or altered cementum. After thorough SRP, laser fiber-optic delivery system is passed through the pocket for the second time at power setting of 4.0 watts, 635-us pulse duration, and 20Hz to achieve a stable fibrin change state and pocket seal.(14) The control teeth received all of the aforementioned treatment except for the laser therapy and suturing was not done. Full mouth SRP in both the groups and laser application in TG was carried out by the single clinician (KK). All the patients were given post operative instructions and medication including 0.2% chlorhexidine mouthwash twice daily with supragingival brushing for two weeks. Antibiotics (amoxicillin 500mg, every 8 hours) and analgesics (ibuprofen 400mg, every 8 hours) we re advised for 5 days. Patients were recalled at 1week, 6 week, and 24 week for postoperative follow-up, where the clinical measurements were recorded at 6 weeks and 24 weeks respectively and oral hygiene is reinforced in all the visits. All the subjects completed the study protocol and were followed up to the end of the study. A total of 481 sites in control group and 469 sites in test group were examined.Statistical analysisData was expressed as mean determine of API, BOP, PD and CAL (4-6mm and 7mm) were evaluated using a software. Comparisons were made within the group and between the groups at 6 weeks and 24 weeks using wilcoxon matched paired t- test and Mann-Whitney U tests.Results no(prenominal) of the 38 patients participated in the trial had reported pain or any discomfort. Healing after 24 weeks was satisfactory and uneventful as observed by the investigator and reported by the patients respectively. However, six patients in test group compared to 4 patients in control gr oup experienced dentinal hypersensitivity during first 4 weeks post-operatively, which has subsided. The BOP and API results (mean SD) for LG and CG at baseline, 6 weeks and 24 weeks were presented in table 1. Significant reduction was observed in the mean BOP and API scores from baseline to 6 weeks and 24 weeks post intervention (p0.001). The finding held strength in both the groups. However, neither of the groups had shown authoritative residues in the mean BOP and API scores between 6 weeks and 24 weeks post intervention. Similar findings were observed on comparison of mean pocket depths with significant differences observed from baseline to 6 weeks (P0.0001) and 24 weeks (P0.0001) as well in both the test and the control groups. However no significant differences were found between the test and control groups both at baseline and post intervention, suggesting blameless randomization and near equivalent impact of both the interventions respectively. (Table 2)The mean CAL score for teeth with CAL4mm was higher in the TG at baseline and this difference was marginally significant (p=0.0493). However, the differences lost significance after the intervention both at 6 weeks and 24 weeks. A statistically significant move on (P0.0001) of CAL (4-6mm) is noticed in both the groups when compared from baseline to 6 weeks and 24 weeks. Inter group comparison of CAL (4-6 mm) at 6 weeks showed that a significant gain is achieved in TG at baseline to 6 weeks (P0.0244), baseline to 24 weeks (P0.0005) and 6 weeks to 24 weeks (P0.0016) (Table 3).The mean pocket depth of sites with PD 7 mm in test group was 8.38 1.18 and in CG it is 8.49 1.05. The difference in the mean values between the groups at baseline was not significant (P0.6791). Both the groups showed overall improvement in 6 weeks and 24 weeks postoperatively, which was statistically significant (P0.0001). However, 24 weeks post intervention comparison revealed significant gain in the TG compared to the CG (pA t baseline, there was no significant difference between the mean CAL scores of the two groups for teeth with CAL7mm. A significant gain in attachment was observed in both the groups from baseline to 6 weeks and 24 weeks (P0.0001). impertinent mean pocket depth for sites with PD7mm, mean CAL scores for teeth with CAL7mm were not significantly different between the two groups at 24 weeks post intervention. Table 5DiscussionVarious treatment approaches have been carried out in the treatment of periodontal pockets and laser assisted periodontal therapy is most widely used nowadays. Laser mediated periodontal therapy has shown significant benefits from subgingival soft tissue curettage as well as in subgingival bacterial loads.(15) According to previous studies, adjunctive use of the diode laser along with conventional SRP has shown to have an additive effect in reducing subgingival bacteria in periodontal pockets amount 4mm.(16)A study by Talat Qadri et al observed a significant redu ction in inflammatory markers (IL-1 and MMP-8) levels in GCF, sites treated with SRP and NdYAG laser than SRP alone. (17) some other study by Aykol G et al observed decreased GCF levels of Matrixmetalloproteinase-1, tissue inhibitor matrix metalloproteinase-1, transforming growth factor-b1, and basic-fibroblast growth factor suggesting LLLT as an adjunctive therapy to non-surgical periodontal treatment and improves periodontal healing. (7)According to Slot DE et al 2010, stated that there was no significant difference in all clinical parameters between the sites treated with SRP and NdYAG laser than SRP alone, (18) these results are in support to his originally systematic review.(19)In the present study, NdYAG laser with wave length of 1060-nm has been used to evaluate clinical benefit of LANAP as an adjunct to conventional periodontal therapy for achieving new attachment. The present results indicate that non surgical periodontal therapy using hand instruments or in compounding with LANAP procedure shown significant improvements in clinical parameters (BOP, PD, and CAL) for both moderate and deep pockets at 6 weeks and 24 weeks after treatment. Similar results were presented in earlier slick reports and case series, showing significant improvement in gingival inflammation during observation period from baseline to 6 weeks and 24 weeks..Histologic evaluation of LANAP in humans for the treatment of periodontal pockets has shown new connective tissue attachment and periodontal regeneration. (14) Nevins ML et al evaluated periodontal regeneration performing LANAP procedure in humans and stated that there was a significant degree of periodontal regeneration with new cementum, periodontal ligament and alveolar bone (10). In a potential study done by Nevins ML et al, evaluated the efficacy of LANAP therapy in eight patients for a period of 9 months and concluded that majority of treated sites showed improvement in all clinical parameters.(20)The results obtaine d in this study using LANAP therapy have showed a significant improvement in BOP, PI, PD and CAL, similar to the previous studies. (8,10,14,19-20) Sites with PD of 4-6mm has shown significant reduction in both the groups at 24 weeks post operatively, indicating that both the therapies were effective in treating moderate periodontal pockets. However at 24 weeks post-operatively, a significant gain in CAL at 4-6mm in the sites treated with LANAP was observed, suggesting a new cementum and new connective tissue formation (new attachment). This data supports to the earlier study by Yukna RA et al (2007) and Nevins MI (2012), where histologic examination of all six LANAP treated teeth showed formation of new CTA.PD with 7mm sites in both the groups were treated non- surgically with LANAP therapy as an adjunctive in test group. All the patients included in this study had average PD of 4-6mm with few sites 7mm. Non-surgical periodontal treatment was carried out for all the sites including sites with 7mm, as they were located in isolated areas. Systematic reviews have proven that in terms of PD reduction and CAL gain in open flap debridement procedures were effective in sites with PD 6mm. (21)In the present study, test group showed significant reduction in PD in sites with 7mm when compared with control group, but no significant gain in CAL is achieved at 24 week post-operatively. These results were similar to the previous study by Nevins ML et al 2014, where initial sites of 7mm had at least 2mm of PD reduction in 91% of sites and CAL gain of 2mm in 77% of sites. Greater retraction of periodontal tissues in deep periodontal pockets (7mm) in test group led to significant reduction in PD with no significant gain in CAL.LANAP appears to be true(p) procedure that resulted in new CTA formation with no significant side effects beyond dentinal hypersensitivity or gingival recession and no damage to the root surfaces.(22) Even though LANAP therapy has been introduced 15 ye ars ago, very few case reports and case series has been reported till now with substantial clinical and histological evidence. However controversy remains regarding the efficacy of LASERS, mainly LANAP therapy in treating the periodontal disease and periodontal regeneration. This is the first randomized controlled clinical study done to evaluate LANAP as adjunctive to SRP in the treatment of periodontal disease for a period of 24 weeks. LANAP therapy should be further evaluated with long term clinical trials with large sample size to compare the clinical results with conventional therapy..ConclusionWithin the limits of the present study, the results indicate that LANAP therapy as an adjunct to non surgical periodontal therapy using NdYAG Laser offered superior results when compared with SRP alone. Present study focussed mainly in the treatment of moderate periodontal pockets and achieved significant results in all the clinical parameters observed. Deeper pockets also showed promisi ng results with LANAP therapy, suggesting that further studies are necessary to adequately test the potential benefits following the LANAP protocol in the treatment of periodontal diseases.