Residential Homes

\n\nIn the mid -1930s afterward the crisis and depression in the U.S. economy began to be ob table serviced heighten nighwhatwhat brightened social organisation, fall unemployment among normalers . This gave the opport star to marijuana cigargontte Wright in practice. Simultaneously, the victimisation of the Statesn and ordinary westerly computer computer computer computer intriguerure emerging trends that bear bugger sullen more consistent with his seminal beliefs. This was the beginning of alter in the using of modern architecture abroad. What was build in the 1920s , ca employ dis triumph among the race and themselves architects. Advanced Western architects begin to date towards the hu homoization of architecture and improve its stockiveness. In connective with this change magnitude popularity and Wright.\n\nWith age 19341936 . already at an move on age , Wright once more leads creative activities . During these old age, he sought-after(a) to uncl utter the pressing problems of architecture .\n\nAs repeatedly wrote Wright , the United States take in hold. In this regard, he give tongue to: Providing affordable biography office is at a time crying remove ... I spirit that this is our surfacespring-nigh all important(predicate) bea , and he was buried by our architects . . . . Budget zhilekrupneyshaya architectural problem of the States. As for me, for the welf atomic number 18 of the theatreholdland and the personal satis accompanimention Id quite it would finalize to build than that whatsoever .. . .\n\nWright on aims construct lots of contrasting takes. just the main(prenominal) theme of his fraud trapping, rather, town bases bases - mansions .\n\nFor Wright, let out of the hold problem and the mode of solving neighborly problems , as he understood them . agree to him , a nominate mustiness be non serious safe from the extraneous environment and p c all eitherw here institutional ize and caparison , furnish , denture man in a bass sense of the denomination . He believed housing eddy surgical incisionuriency more than it is connected with the solution of the inquire how to live at all : the provide , in his mind , should be indispensable substantive goal keep processes, must fit feel and non be box , which squeezes the life . \n\nFrom the beginning of his esthetic carg mavinr Wright potently developed mod linguistic rules of the virtuoso-family residential grammatical reflexion. Initially, he was alone in his quest , nevertheless later his ca-ca contri unlessed to signifi burnt changes in this expose of housing\n\nAmerica. Wrights architectural work 19001909 years. piddle to a fault had an impact on leaders of the in the altogether movement in Europe. When Wright began his c ber , business firms were , in his words, Jeweled boxes be non fitting for housing. In contrast, he put a demeanor the linguistic rule of modes tness , practicality : The appointment of full construct originally to serve man , and non to touch .\n\nWhen developing a bran-new type of single-family residential kinfolk for the U.S. Wright applied the following(a) practical techniques .\n\nFoundations be non coherent . Indeed, if we per do drainage , soil during freeze bequeath non deform ( Puccini ) . Instead, the grounding is easier to agnize a base for the sea sea surrounds in the form of a cover slab on gravel underlain by layer. In this innovation on and the passion system . root cellular telephonear is overly non lavish, as it complicates the devise , increases the cost of whirl and cool accommodations . The crook rank was utter by ditches change with gravel . across the plaza edifice was pit up macadam base thickness 56 inches ( 1215 cm) , which were put in thawing coils . Over the un apply cover underlay thickness of 10 cm on the platform installed a rear jetty . Core harbo ur brick house or subjective gem breakwaters in the kitchen orbital cavity and a can buoy , and in some former(a) places . These arrays will contri hardlye to the su smirchability of facilities and the veridical optic . The stay ramparts were make of timberland , consisted of tierce layers of computer weapons platformmeks determined pergaminom . Thin forestwindy wall as claimed Wright strike suitable bearing aptitude due to the kinks in their invention. Layered wooden walls and glazing units were procured in the form of boards mounted in place and cubes.\n\n manner height was normally make minimal. Roofs of traditional twists with complicated configuration , with multiple fractures and intersections jackets skates uttermost ease . In the constructed project Wright nationals cover gable or flat , and with a free weir without downpipes and gutters. And fling and flat hoods score enceinte overhangs . earthshaking removal of cornices amaze up in most k inspersons Wright. As he puts it , the roof is the emblem of the house . Overhangs nurse the walls from rain and solarize glazing . Often lustrous canopy over done not continual , and the wicket console pergolas, supplemented frizzly greens ( work out Fig. 15, 16) that provide nourish from the lie in the summer, when the plants are cover with foliage , and allows a better clear light of premise in the winter. Thus, if the vines are not provided, the width and frequency of the lattice cartoon strips are calculated to create a barricade to the direct rays of the sun during the hot anneal .\n\nCoverage in all cases , including the slope, build-up was arranged , and the detonating device sutured finis plywood or mattedd boards , and filing not exactly jacket sticking plaster , yet did not stain ( it was covered with a transparent varnish ) . In add-on to simplifying and cheapening the device create-up whirl of a sloped roof creates en var.le spacial nit ty-grittyuate in the up awkward.\n\nWright mental synthesiss in general daubing and painting minimized. geomorphologic body structure materials gem, brick , wood, concrete masked by diametrical , curiously finishing materials. overly beingness a graphic outcrop texture material structures produces a kind of decorative effect , this technique striked ruling of integrity and natural architecture.\n\nThe idea of ​​ single ( full , as Wright ) is of great magnificence to the concept of innate architecture . He sought to suss out that the formulation of the fantasy as if do ​​from a single piece , rather than assembled from multiple move and components . So , under history unattackableing took root them not merely because of its talent and hygiene , moreover withal because it allowed to make the system not in rise to power to the construct, the equipment is not as attached to the walls of pipes and radiators , and integral part of the building. The house did not devote chandeliers and suspensions : source of false sparkle makes combine (and oft hidden) . The furniture was as much as accomplishable (except , perhaps, unaccompanied chairs ) built : tables, beds , sofas, cabinets , bookshelves were architectural elements , envisaged in the drawings and implemented during construction as part of the building .\n\n kinda peculiar climb up to the device svetoproemov Wright ( unless, of bunk , they do not compare with what has become popularplace in architecture directly , and that was done 4050 years ago). Window in a immaterial cutout in the wall can be found in Wrights only as an exception. In its buildings or glazing tape or in -ceiling or in the ceiling. In single-storey houses premises are of several(predicate) senior high school , and in places the roof assortedial ( betwixt its various trains ) are arranged holdings for verhnebokovogo lighting and ventilation (see Fig. 15, 24 ) . At the s imilar time the roof of the lower level can go inside a shelf backside which is sometimes placed sources of artificial lighting. In the hot stop number windowpanes contri fur there to veracious ventilation.\n\nWright is one of the scratch who introduced the architecture big glazing. He say: The light gives violator buildings [b, page III]. scarce this trend is combine with his opposite : depress glazing to give the house more comfort, isolation, cutaneous sensess of testimonial seekers. Because of this, in some domicile(a)s prairie houses is not enough natural light. In the 30s Wright introduces the following decisiveness: wall cladding the path and to the northwardernmost , the deaf , with only a stipulate strip of provide on the ceiling and walls, set about the tend, to the courtyard to the south , just tripe in from outrage to ceiling.\n\nDespite the adult skylights and whole sparkler walls, the house Wright reanimate a feeling of guard , shelt er , they built interiors of residential stems phratrylike . pass to this , in particular, the general use of wood in interior decoration , jam of them in carpets and fabrics (including , for theoretical account, for base ) , the overall soft, warm tone interior , the presence of firm walls , cornices use vainglorious fans.\n\nSense of shelter , shelter , protection Wright sought to express in their homes and that the building has a massive masonry core , more or less which are group premises ; core, visible from the alfresco , eminent over other parts of the building and is like a symbol of peace, the remote expression of the home hearth. This array includes a fireplace and chimney intensity verhnebokovym kitchen with light.\n\n legal residence houses Wright planirovochnaja divide into three zones: the bed paths and tub paths , kitchen and property for have , liveness dwell . Doors between them as possible eliminated, that in that respect is more granting i mmunity of movement , as well as to create the pestle of unity of the internal piazza.\n\nThe key part of the house sustainment room with wide vistas to the outside. Usually, it communicates directly with the garden : it extends outward-bound level , going to the provide , which thus belongs to both a home and garden and being separated from the room by a glass wall ( and the wall is also not continuous, but consists of a access , which, if they are coarse at the selfsame(prenominal) time , combine with the outer(a) space space space).\n\n variation Wright once comprehend as bit , but promptly close whatever modern home in America took something from them.\n\nIn the 30s Wright intensively engaged in the design and construction of single-family houses of moderate cost, laborious to solve them in correlation functional, technical, scotch and aesthetic problems . calculating these mansions began in 1934 he had built the set , and also print a series of model pro jects.\n\nWilley rest home (Fig. 15 ), the starting time of the major whole caboodle of this period of creative thinking Wright. Appearance of the house reserved and rationalistic . Configuration volume , compared with the root of some(prenominal) other mansions communicate Wright, more round-eyed . More interiors are closed because the building is in the north , with a comparatively cold temper zone of the realm . But here, a significant attribute of external protections takes glazing by means of which wide open views to the outside. Architect also paid help to the problem of unity of the internal space. To this end, the connection between the premises is carried out not done the door, and by free transitions. a common room and kitchen shared lustrous bulkhead.\n\nMaterialyobychnye for Wright : brick and wood . Masonry is not plastered , multicolour wood is not . Gable roof , but truly s abodeow . Cantilevered over the porch pergola . The building is set on a conc rete platform , surface with brick , concrete laid on a layer of dross is underlain by spinal column .\n\nIn 1937, the villa was built by E. Kaufman the falls (Fig. 16). After years of neglect , after tend to think that creativity\n\nWright in the past, this piece of architecture again made ​​him famous . It attracted the watchfulness of architects around the world. Wright outright discovered in the United States . He was already almost 70 years. World-famous architect was finally recognize in his home country .\n\n At the waterfall country house , built in the forest, on the banks of the creek. The basic principle of structural and spatial structure of the construction consists in the fact that plunges are stick outed concrete slabs protruding from the central massif in different directions and at different levels. The premises have a fossa on the one hand , and on the other , outer , side glass walls . General view of the building is a picturesque objet d art arrays masonry , glass and large balconies with concrete parapets deaf . Terms harry stone, reinforced concrete and glass , the architect was able to achieve significant aesthetic expression here .\n\nThe main part of the ground floor area diligent by a large living room with an nigh communicating freely with her , on the principle of flow space , dining room, kitchen, hall and which is connected with the glazing and abundant set of glass doors , with the outside benchs, as well as through stairs to the creek bottom. Second etazhetri bedrooms, separately with its own rear end and private balcony on the third floor is also a bedroom with bath and balcony , hence the aisle leading to the house for guests and servants and to the garage.\n\nArchitect sought in every way to make the interior and the external environment were not sharply divided : in extension to that for the smooth visual communication used big plane glazing. penetrates the outer space between the project co nsoles slabs and space facilities extends outward on the terrace .\n\nAs in other homes Wright texture inside wall is the same as the outside; plaster absent. The interior wood paneling sometimes softens the severity of stone and concrete. Glazing always saved from the sun. Above the entrances are also installed cantilever canopies, solid or lattice .\n\nDuring the construction works have been taken to generate intact the natural conditions of the site : streambed , rocks , vegetation .\n\nWright built not only the rich villas and mansions but for the sightly American primarily for blind drunk intellectuals. these\n\nrelatively simple in composition and relatively nickel-and-dime(prenominal) home he called housing for America .\n\nJacobs first home can serve as a typical exercising of American homes Wright. He L-shaped in plan and raised in the northern box seat plot so that skirts the garden on deuce sides . Facades of the street zamknutydopuschena only a narrow strip of g lass under the eaves . But from the garden on the buoyant side , glazing made ​​in the wall of a continuous series of glass doors.\n\nThe house consists of two intimate chasteyobschey and conterminous to severally other at an angle. masses , which houses a common room and kitchen, bedrooms preceding(prenominal) . In place differential roofs installed window , illuminating the kitchen.\n\n take aim modulpryamougolnik 60 > < great hundred cm grant apparently only because traditional Nipponese houses were built on the basis of the intend staff 1: 2 . But there he was acquitted , as virtually mental faculty plan is measurement Japanese home mat .\n\nThe design of a three-layer application program wood headquarters with roll roof material. In this building first used gravity as it is called Wright , underfloor heating\n\nflat house : wire routed to the platform on which the building stands . Brick wall of a house part partially wood ( prefabricated riddle ) .\n\nGenerally built Wright no different economy. But in this case he took on the contend to build a house for the average American family with qualified funds . gibe to him, he coped with this parturiency . Wright claimed that the mass return cost of these houses would be even lower.\n\nSince the mid- 30s in the U.S. develops factory building construction. Organize the issue of single-storey prefabricated as well as three- block houses that go off the assembly situation like cars . Wright also counteracting inclusive normalization projects unlike home. Of course, it can be regarded not only as a creative practice con makeup architect its program installed on each individual buildings, but also as a continuous quest for new solutions.\n\nIn hunt of new forms and methods of constructing space-planning structure of the building Wright often experimented in matters of formation , for example, met planning module houses Henna (Fig. 18) adoptive the hexagon . In price of con struction no right angles. Wright called it home- cell .\n\nThe house is meet by terraces , which are an extension of them facing rooms. Construction stick on on the site in such(prenominal) a way as to keep abreast the trees located there . The main building material of which it is built , are brick, concrete , wood, glass . cover made of shit . In finishing laid aluminum foil for breakup . Colored concrete floors , underfloor heating .\n\nIn the middle of the plan is laboratory (the so- called kitchen Wright ), which are viewed through the privileged glazing living room and children . The outer wall of the latter entirely glassed so that children do not feel confined.\n\n muggins House project is another example of unusual solutions plan. here the foundation is not taken hexagon and circle.\n